Sounti Tribe
Sounti tribes are one of the principal tribes that are mainly found in the Keonjhar district of Orissa.
Among the forty-six scheduled tribes of Orissa, Sounti is the one of the sixteen principal tribes that has attained recognition. These Sounti tribes used to maintain a very good rapport with the rest of the tribes like Bathudi, Bhuyan, Bhumij, Gond, Ho, Juang, Kharwar, Kisan, Kolha etc.
These Sounti tribes mainly are found in the Keonjhar district. Quite a few are also found in the Anandapur subdivision of the state. The census report of India too validates this observation of the anthropologists.
Sounti tribal people are endogamous people and are ramified in exogamous groups called Khilis. Some of the Khilis of Sounti tribes are Baghsingh, Balaria, Naik, Paida, Palia, Das, Sarpuria, Ankulia, Chipindia, Giri, Kusmalia etc.
The people of Sounti tribal groups are basically agricultural people. The women of this tribal group work as daily labourers and household activities. Apart from cultivation, the people of this group are also employed in different services, though the percentage is very low.
The people of the Sounti tribal community converse with each other mostly in Sounti language, which belongs to the famous language family of Indo-Aryans. Festivals, dance, music are integral part of the Sounti tribes. These Sounti tribes are also pious and religious minded and revere a handful of tribal deities. Dharam Devata is the Sun god and Basuki Mata is the goddess Earth.
The stature and characteristics of the Sounti tribal males closely resemble the features of Konda Paroja, Kodaku, Munda, Korwa, Asur, Juang, Saora, Maler etc tribal communities and the female members of this tribal group share similarity with the Kond and Asur tribal communities.
Sabar Tribe
Sabar falls in to category of one of the oldest tribes of India, also popular as Kariya to some people.
Kolha tribes of Orissa state are mostly found in the Keonjhar district. Most of these Kolha tribes reside in the Bhuyan hills and in the adjacent region, namely, Nayagarh and Chamakpur. These Kolha tribes converse with each other in various languages like Hindi and Oriya. The Kolha tribes has their own tribal dialect which is used to converse with the people of this community. For them, English has assumed the status of secondary language. The popular belief is that these Kolha tribes have been emigrated from the Keonjhar district from the northeastern parts of Indian subcontinent during the last century.
Just like other tribal communities, Handia, a type of fermented liquor, is a favorite drink of these Kolha tribes. These Kolha tribes take delight in killing animals and birds with the aid of bow and arrow. By nature, these Kolha tribes are quite shy and introvert.
These Kolha tribes have got an orientation towards spiritualism and religion. Mpost of these Kolha tribes abide by all the customs and rituals of Hinduism. Also these Kolha tribes revere `Sajana` tree, mustard oil, paddy and the dog in special awe and devotion. To sustain their livelihood, maximum of these Kolha tribes attend to the rich farmers as `mulias` or field laborers and are in general they got the payment in advance by their masters, who are popularly known as `sahas`.
Unlike many of the tribes of the region, these Kolha are less proficient in the field of academics and education.
Sounti tribes are one of the principal tribes that are mainly found in the Keonjhar district of Orissa.
Among the forty-six scheduled tribes of Orissa, Sounti is the one of the sixteen principal tribes that has attained recognition. These Sounti tribes used to maintain a very good rapport with the rest of the tribes like Bathudi, Bhuyan, Bhumij, Gond, Ho, Juang, Kharwar, Kisan, Kolha etc.
These Sounti tribes mainly are found in the Keonjhar district. Quite a few are also found in the Anandapur subdivision of the state. The census report of India too validates this observation of the anthropologists.
Sounti tribal people are endogamous people and are ramified in exogamous groups called Khilis. Some of the Khilis of Sounti tribes are Baghsingh, Balaria, Naik, Paida, Palia, Das, Sarpuria, Ankulia, Chipindia, Giri, Kusmalia etc.
The people of Sounti tribal groups are basically agricultural people. The women of this tribal group work as daily labourers and household activities. Apart from cultivation, the people of this group are also employed in different services, though the percentage is very low.
The people of the Sounti tribal community converse with each other mostly in Sounti language, which belongs to the famous language family of Indo-Aryans. Festivals, dance, music are integral part of the Sounti tribes. These Sounti tribes are also pious and religious minded and revere a handful of tribal deities. Dharam Devata is the Sun god and Basuki Mata is the goddess Earth.
The stature and characteristics of the Sounti tribal males closely resemble the features of Konda Paroja, Kodaku, Munda, Korwa, Asur, Juang, Saora, Maler etc tribal communities and the female members of this tribal group share similarity with the Kond and Asur tribal communities.
Dharua Tribe
Dharua tribes reside mainly in Malkangiri district, distinguishing
in culture and tradition, converse with each other in Dharua language.
Dharua
tribe is one of the ancient tribes that are found in Orissa. These
Dharua tribes are largely found in the Malkangiri district including the
block of Korukonda. These tribes are also seen in several parts of
Chattisgarh and Madhya Pradesh. Also called Durua tribes, the Dharua
tribes are forest tribes.
The Dharua tribes also reside
in some adjacent places of Orissa namely Cuttack, Dhenkenal, Koraput,
Sundargarh, Mayurbhanj, Sambalpur, Bolangir etc. The Dharua tribes are
basically agrarian people but some are also employed in hunting and as
field labourers. Like all other tribal people of India, the Dharua
tribes have developed their culture and tradition that separate them
from the other tribal people of the state. Their language, Dharua
language is also known as Parji. This language is said to be of
Dravidian language family.
Bhunjia Tribe
Bhunjia Tribes, dwelling in Orissa, are god fearing and are known to be a sub-division of Halbas of Bastar. The Bhunjia Tribe has two branches namely Chaukhutia and Chinda.
Bhunjia Tribes, dwelling in Orissa, are god fearing and are known to be a sub-division of Halbas of Bastar. The Bhunjia Tribe has two branches namely Chaukhutia and Chinda.
Bhunjia tribes are reckoned as an ancient tribe of Orissa. It is a small Dravidian tribal group basically found in Nuapada District which is said to be the abode of the Bhunjia tribal community. The word Bhunjia means people who have originated from the earth. This tribal group is considered as a sub division of Halbas of Bastar. As per the ancient history, they ran away from Bastar as a result of a clash with the Dhakars. Apart from this, the Bhunjia tribal communities are also found in several districts like Kalahandi District. Since the topography of the region is quite rugged with hills, mountains and also dense forest areas, these Bhunjia tribes have settled down in scattered manner in their villages.
Just like any other tribes of the mountainous region of India, these Bhunjia tribes too have adapted the profession of shifting cultivation. Seeing the degradation of the landscapes due to rampant cultivation, in the present day, many of these Bhunjia tribes sustain their living by gathering and also selling various non timber forest products in the local markets. Chaukhutia Bhunjia and Chinda Bhunjia are the two ramifications of Bhunjia group of people. The Chinda Bhunjia people are the inhabitants of plain area while the Chaukhutia Bhunjias reside in the hilly areas of Sunabeda plateau. People of this Bhunjia group are the descendants of the Dravidian group of people. The people of this tribal group converse in Halbi language which is an amalgamation of Marathi language, Chhattisgarhi language and Oriya language.
The costumes of the Bhunjia tribal people are very colourful and attractive. The men of this tribal group generally wear a piece of cloth and shirts. Sarees and different jewelleries made of glass; coils, beads, brass, silver and aluminium adorn the women of this community. Ornaments like bangles, ear-rings, necklace, anklets etc are some of the jewelleries are prevalent among the women. Another most attractive aspect is the way they make up their hair in different patterns. Bhunjia tribes are more conservative and traditional. Moreover, it has also been said that the Bhunjia tribal community has a kinship with the Gond tribe. Several myths suggest a close relationship between Gonds and Bhunjias. Even because of the close affinity with the Gonds, the Bhunjias had started worshipping the gods and goddesses of the Gond people.
The Bhunjia society is patriarchal and the culture follows the norms and practices of the society, just like any other tribal communities of Indian subcontinent do. For regulating the marriage, the Bhunjia tribes have a number of exogamous units or clans. The Bhunjia people have marital relationship with the Gond people. Marriages also take place among the cross cousins of the community. The people of this community are divided into two groups namely Markam and Netam. Marriages in these groups are not allowed. Generally, the Bhunjia tribal people duly follow the structure of nuclear family with a monogamous form of marriage. Special marriage rites and rituals are followed. In fact the kitchen shed of these Bhunjia tribes is believed to be quite consecrated and the entry of married daughters into the kitchen is firmly prohibited.
The pious nature of these Bhunjia tribes has a plethora of gods and goddesses whom they worship them for the sake of well-being and prosperity of the society. Cure and prevention from various diseases, seeking good harvesting etc. are also the reasons for which these deities are worshipped. In the month of Chaitra, the tribal people offer a goat and a coconut to their deity of cholera and smallpox. Sunadei is their principal deity and the priest, better known as `Pujari`, carries on the religious rites. Festivals too are a part and parcel of these Bhunjia tribes. There is a legend popular amongst the Bhunjia tribes. Except Holi, these tribes celebrate almost all the other Indian festivals with enthusiasm. It is said that the Bhunjia tribes have excelled in the art of dreadful magic and spells.
These Bhunjia tribes follow the traditional system with the formation of village council as the key unit of village administration. All the aged people of the Bhunjia village constitutes of the basic unit, while in the top hierarchy, the inter-village council exits. An important aspect of Bhunjia tribal society is the status of their women. In fact, the Bhunjia tribes have a very stringent set of rules in order to govern a woman`s life. It is said that women are not permitted to consume food from outside and there is no such limitation for the male folks. Also, only the women folks of the Bhunjia tribes are not allowed to wear slippers they are not supposed to step on the sacred earth where the deity, Sunadei, lives. However, no such rule is applicable for the Bhunjia male.
Sabar Tribe
Sabar falls in to category of one of the oldest tribes of India, also popular as Kariya to some people.
Kolha tribes of Orissa state are mostly found in the Keonjhar district. Most of these Kolha tribes reside in the Bhuyan hills and in the adjacent region, namely, Nayagarh and Chamakpur. These Kolha tribes converse with each other in various languages like Hindi and Oriya. The Kolha tribes has their own tribal dialect which is used to converse with the people of this community. For them, English has assumed the status of secondary language. The popular belief is that these Kolha tribes have been emigrated from the Keonjhar district from the northeastern parts of Indian subcontinent during the last century.
Just like other tribal communities, Handia, a type of fermented liquor, is a favorite drink of these Kolha tribes. These Kolha tribes take delight in killing animals and birds with the aid of bow and arrow. By nature, these Kolha tribes are quite shy and introvert.
These Kolha tribes have got an orientation towards spiritualism and religion. Mpost of these Kolha tribes abide by all the customs and rituals of Hinduism. Also these Kolha tribes revere `Sajana` tree, mustard oil, paddy and the dog in special awe and devotion. To sustain their livelihood, maximum of these Kolha tribes attend to the rich farmers as `mulias` or field laborers and are in general they got the payment in advance by their masters, who are popularly known as `sahas`.
Unlike many of the tribes of the region, these Kolha are less proficient in the field of academics and education.
